{"id":34276,"date":"2017-03-17T15:00:08","date_gmt":"2017-03-17T14:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/?p=34276\/"},"modified":"2017-03-16T11:52:13","modified_gmt":"2017-03-16T10:52:13","slug":"162-ueniversiteli-ile-gazzali-farabi-ve-islam-ilim-gelenegi-tartisildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/162-ueniversiteli-ile-gazzali-farabi-ve-islam-ilim-gelenegi-tartisildi\/","title":{"rendered":"162 \u00dcniversiteli ile Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee, F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee ve \u0130slam ilim gelene\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>IGMG \u00dcniversiteliler Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2017 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n I. \u00dcniversiteliler Yat\u0131l\u0131 E\u011fitim Seminerleri ve At\u00f6lyeler program\u0131n\u0131 162 \u00fcniversitelinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>IGMG Genel Merkezi\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ve iki g\u00fcn s\u00fcren I. \u00dcniversiteliler Yat\u0131l\u0131 E\u011fitim Seminerleri ve At\u00f6lyeler program\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda; \u201cGazz\u00e2l\u00ee\u2019nin ilim tarihimizdeki konumu ve etkisi\u201d, \u201cGazz\u00e2l\u00ee eserlerinde iman-amel ili\u015fkisi\u201d, \u201cF\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee\u2019nin erdemlilik ve devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d, \u201c\u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde ilimler tasnifi ve akli-nakli ilimler\u201d konular\u0131 masaya yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Program\u0131n ana misafirleri, \u0130stanbul Medeniyet \u00dcniversitesinden Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. E\u015fref Alta\u015f, Marmara \u00dcniversitesinden Do\u00e7. Dr. \u00d6mer T\u00fcrker ve IGMG Genel Ba\u015fkan Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Ramazan U\u00e7ar oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. E\u015fref Alta\u015f, \u0130slam ilim gelene\u011finde \u0130mam Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee\u2019nin hayat\u0131n\u0131, konumunu ve sonraki as\u0131rlara etkisini ele ald\u0131. Alta\u015f\u2019\u0131n ifadelerine g\u00f6re E\u015f\u2019ar\u00ee gelene\u011finin en m\u00fchim savunucular\u0131ndan biri olan Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ve i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ortam\u0131n sorun te\u015fkil eden meselelerine big\u00e2ne kalmam\u0131\u015f, bilakis maruz kal\u0131nan sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturma gayesiyle fikir y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu sebeptendir ki \u201cAllah her y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bu \u00fcmmete dinlerinde yenileme yapacak birini g\u00f6nderir\u201d had\u00ees-i \u015ferifine istinaden m\u00fcceddid vasf\u0131na mazhar olmu\u015ftur ve ortaya koydu\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerle sadece hicr\u00ee 5. y\u00fczy\u0131la damga vurmam\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelinceye kadar \u015fan\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ettirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 ilim talebelerine okutulan el-M\u00fcnk\u0131z mine\u2019d-Dal\u00e2l (Sapk\u0131nl\u0131ktan Kurtaran) eserinin i\u00e7eri\u011fini ele alan E\u015fref Alta\u015f, \u00f6\u011frencilik y\u0131llar\u0131nda okuyup m\u00fctalaa etti\u011fi i\u00e7in eserin kendisinde ayr\u0131 bir yeri ve k\u0131ymeti oldu\u011funu beyan etti. K\u0131saca kitab\u0131n ismini izah eden Alta\u015f, burdaki \u201cdal\u00e2l\u201d ifadesinin, yani sapk\u0131nl\u0131ktan kast\u0131n din\u00ee de\u011fil entelekt\u00fcel oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. Alta\u015f ayr\u0131ca eserin otobiyografik mahiyet ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee\u2019nin fikir ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce hayat\u0131nda ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi merhaleleri ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 as\u0131rdaki \u0130slami d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ak\u0131mlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sergiledi\u011fi tutumu h\u00fclasa bi\u00e7imde aksettirmekte oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Alta\u015f \u015fu ifadelerde bulundu: \u201cGen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren bildiklerine ele\u015ftirel ve \u015f\u00fcpheci g\u00f6zle bakan Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee, eserinin hemen ba\u015f\u0131na taklitten hazzetmedi\u011fini ve hakikatin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ferken duyular ve ak\u0131lla has\u0131l olan bilgilerin ge\u00e7erli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda \u015f\u00fcpheye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yler ve bu kriz h\u00e2linin Allah\u2019\u0131n kalbine att\u0131\u011f\u0131 nur sayesinde zail oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. \u00d6te taraftan bu eserinde d\u00f6rt gruba de\u011finmektedir: Kelamc\u0131lar, B\u00e2t\u0131n\u00eeler, filozoflar ve sufiler. S\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en f\u0131rkalar\u0131n her birinin \u00f6z\u00fcmsedi\u011fi fikirlerin ve tuttuklar\u0131 yolun de\u011ferini ve ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini tespit edebilmek i\u00e7in azami \u00e7aba sarf ederek ilm\u00ee faaliyetler \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015fan Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee, t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131 Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019in ve s\u00fcnnet-i seniyyenin mihengine vurmak suretiyle hak ve bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 gaye edinmi\u015ftir. Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee, y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilim yolunda kelimenin tam manas\u0131yla gecesini g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fcne katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn en verimli safhas\u0131nda g\u00fcnd\u00fcz vakti Nizamiye\u2019de talebelerine f\u0131k\u0131h dersi verirken, gece ise kendisini felsefi alanda geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2 ve F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee\u2019nin telif etti\u011fi eserleri okumu\u015ftur. Nitekim kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Teh\u00e2f\u00fct\u00fc\u2019l-Fel\u00e2sife derin bir ilm\u00ee \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ve \u00fcst\u00fcn bir \u00e7aban\u0131n mahsul\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu eserinde hem \u0130slam Me\u015f\u015f\u00e2\u00ee felsefesinin hem de \u2018Yeni Efl\u00e2tuncu s\u00fcd\u00fbr\u2019 nazariyesinin \u00e7e\u015fitli noktalar\u0131na de\u011finerek ele\u015ftiriye tabi tutmaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee\u2019nin ilim yolculu\u011funu \u201cHayat\u0131 boyunca iman\u0131n\u0131 taklitten kurtarmak i\u00e7in tahkiki benimsemi\u015ftir.\u201d \u015feklinde \u00f6zetleyen Alta\u015f, Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee\u2019nin bu hedefinin \u00f6zellikle Avrupa\u2019da ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in \u00f6rnek arz etti\u011fini ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc inanc\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran Avrupa\u2019da bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131n her g\u00fcn \u201cBen ni\u00e7in M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131m?\u201d sorusuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabilece\u011fini, bunun da onu inanc\u0131n\u0131 taklit etmekten tahkik etme\u011fe sevk edebilece\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130limler tasnifi<\/strong><br \/>\nMarmara \u00dcniversitesi \u0130lahiyat Fak\u00fcltesi \u0130slam Felsefesi Anabilim Dal\u0131 \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. \u00d6mer T\u00fcrker, \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde ilimler tasnifi ve akli\/nakli ilimler konular\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ok kadim bir ge\u00e7mi\u015finin oldu\u011funu belirten T\u00fcrker, e\u015fyan\u0131n hakikatine dair ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Hint k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne kadar gitti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. T\u00fcrker \u015funlar\u0131 ifade etti: \u201cKutsal kitab\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce geli\u015fir ve bilim ekolleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kutsal kitap etraf\u0131nda olu\u015fan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler zaman i\u00e7erisinde ekollere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin seyri tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc de\u011fildir. Hint k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden Perslere, Perslerden Babil krall\u0131\u011f\u0131na, onlardan M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a, oradan Roma\u2019ya, Roma\u2019dan ise Anadolu\u2019ya giden bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmden bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece \u0130slam\u2019dan \u00f6nce Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n kayda de\u011fer bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmek laz\u0131m. Her ne kadar Mekke ve Medine din\u00ee ve ticari bir merkez te\u015fkil etse de, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikime sahip olan bir imparatorluk s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Lakin zamanla \u00f6zellikle Hz. \u00d6mer d\u00f6neminde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke fethederek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fim ya\u015farlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bilim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel mirasa sahip \u00fclkelerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelirler. Bu durum ise f\u0131khi sorunlar\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yeni M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan beldelerde \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n nas\u0131l ya\u015fanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi sorunsal\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getirir. Fakat as\u0131l \u0130slam\u2019daki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun Hz. Ali ile Hz. Muaviye aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015f ile ba\u015flar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilk defa M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar insan \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckleri h\u00e2lde, her grubun kendini hakl\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi nedeniyle t\u00f6vbe etmezler. Bu durum bir\u00e7ok kavram\u0131n sorgulanmas\u0131na sebep olur. Ayn\u0131 zamanda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, m\u00fcnaf\u0131k gibi terimlerin manas\u0131 da belirsizle\u015fir.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cFilozofumuz yok\u201d<\/strong><br \/>\nSeminerinde teklif s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemine vurgu yapan T\u00fcrker, f\u0131k\u0131h ilminin m\u00fckellefin fiillerini belirledi\u011fini, yani insan iradesiyle meydana gelen davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 mevzu bahis ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. F\u0131k\u0131h alan\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz hicri ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda belirlenmi\u015f yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir disiplin oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7eken T\u00fcrker, bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra f\u0131k\u0131h ilminin kelam ile birlikte \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda model bir disiplin oldu\u011funu aktard\u0131. Bu ikisinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki tefsir, hadis gibi dallar\u0131n bunlara hizmet etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Kelam\u0131n daha \u00e7ok inanc\u0131 konu edinen bir alan oldu\u011funu, f\u0131k\u0131h ilminin ise davran\u0131\u015flar ile ilgili bilgileri mevzu bahis ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n<p>Kelam\u0131n kurucu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinin Mutezil\u00ee oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen T\u00fcrker, ilk defa Mutezile taraf\u0131ndan terc\u00fcme faaliyetlerinin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. \u201cEski Yunan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden kalan t\u00fcm miras Arap\u00e7aya terc\u00fcme edilir. Eserlerin Arap\u00e7a bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc Kind\u00ee \u00fcstlenir. Kind\u00ee b\u00fcrokrat bir aileden gelmekle birlikte \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ilk filozofudur. \u201d diyen T\u00fcrker, yine filozof olan Ebu S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6zlerine dikkat \u00e7ekti: \u201cEb\u00fb S\u00fcleyman hikmetin Yunan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na, Fars\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6nl\u00fcne, Arap\u2019\u0131n diline ve \u00c7inli\u2019nin de eline indi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Yani Yunan\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede, Fars\u2019\u0131n edebiyatta, Arap\u2019\u0131n \u015fiirde, \u00c7inlinin de alet \u00fcretmedeki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk zamanlar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n her alanda h\u00e2kim oldu\u011funu belirten T\u00fcrker, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131n Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n elinde oldu\u011funu belirterek \u00f6zele\u015ftiride bulundu. Orta \u00c7a\u011fda Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130slam topraklar\u0131na \u00f6\u011frenci yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eken T\u00fcrker, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ortaya koymamas\u0131ndan ve filozof yeti\u015ftirememesinden yak\u0131nd\u0131. Tarihte \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan insanl\u0131\u011fa katk\u0131da bulunan iki filozofa, \u00f6zellikle F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee ve \u0130bn Sin\u00e2\u2019ya vurgu yapan T\u00fcrker g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu hi\u00e7bir filozof bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n<p>Programa kat\u0131larak \u00fcniversitelilere selamlama konu\u015fmas\u0131 yapan IGMG Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kemal Erg\u00fcn, akademik kariyeri ve ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 ama\u00e7 edinen de\u011fil, akademik kariyerini insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorunlar\u0131na merhem olacak bir ara\u00e7 g\u00f6ren \u00fcniversiteli olabilmenin \u00f6nemini anlatt\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n art\u0131k yerlileri oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Genel Ba\u015fkan Erg\u00fcn, Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee ve F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee gibi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 okuyan ve insanl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck etki eden b\u00fcy\u00fck ilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k yeniden do\u011fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ve Avrupa\u2019da yeti\u015fen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman gen\u00e7lerin bu konuda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imk\u00e2na sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Program\u0131n di\u011fer konu\u015fmac\u0131s\u0131 IGMG Genel Ba\u015fkan Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Ramazan U\u00e7ar da te\u015fkilat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n genel gidi\u015fat\u0131na de\u011findi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>IGMG \u00dcniversiteliler Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2017 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n I. \u00dcniversiteliler Yat\u0131l\u0131 E\u011fitim Seminerleri ve At\u00f6lyeler program\u0131n\u0131 162 \u00fcniversitelinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34277,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[23259,23258],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34276"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34276"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34279,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34276\/revisions\/34279"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}