{"id":36020,"date":"2018-05-30T10:33:17","date_gmt":"2018-05-30T08:33:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/?p=36020"},"modified":"2018-05-30T10:33:17","modified_gmt":"2018-05-30T08:33:17","slug":"mezhepler-entellektueel-mirasimizdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/mezhepler-entellektueel-mirasimizdir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cMezhepler entellekt\u00fcel miras\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r.\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0130r\u015fad Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bu seneki panelin konusu \u201c\u0130mam M\u00e2lik ve M\u00e2lik\u00ee Mezhebi\u201d oldu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130slam Toplumu Milli G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f (IGMG) \u0130r\u015fad Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geleneksel olarak d\u00fczenledi\u011fi panellerinin 7.\u2019si Bergheim \u015fehrinde yap\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6lge \u0130r\u015fad Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131, imam hatip, e\u011fitimci, ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131 ve \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencilerine y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlenen panelde Ehl-i s\u00fcnnet mezheplerinden M\u00e2lik\u00eelik mezhebinin imam\u0131 \u0130mam M\u00e2lik ve kurdu\u011fu M\u00e2lik\u00eelik mezhebi konu\u015fuldu.<\/p>\n<p>Mainz \u0130lahiyat Meslek Okulu \u00f6\u011frencilerinden Emrullah \u00c7uluk\u2019un Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem tilaveti ile ba\u015flayan paneli camia edit\u00f6rlerinden \u0130lhan Bilg\u00fc y\u00f6netti. Panelin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapan IGMG Genel Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve \u0130r\u015fad Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Celil Yal\u0131nk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, mezheplerin konu\u015fuldu\u011fu bu panelleri, bu mezheplerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ortak miras\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinci ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Yal\u0131nk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201cMezheplerin hepsi de bizim ortak m\u00fcktesabat\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. Ebu Hanife, \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi, \u0130mam Ahmed, \u0130mam Matur\u00eed\u00ee ve \u0130mam E\u015f\u2019ar\u00ee\u2019nin, Medine imam\u0131 ve Muvatta\u2019n\u0131n sahibi olan \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019in bu \u00e7a\u011fa ve bu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131na s\u00f6yleyecek \u00e7ok \u015feyi oldu\u011funa, onlar\u0131 yeniden tan\u0131maya gerek oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yoruz.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam M\u00e2lik ve M\u00e2liki Mezhebi panelinin ilk konu\u015fmac\u0131s\u0131 TDV \u0130slam Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezi\u2019nden Prof. Dr. Ahmet \u00d6zel idi. Prof. Dr. \u00d6zel, ilk konu\u015fmac\u0131 olarak \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019in hayat\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te e\u011fitimini, hoca ve talebelerini de anlatan \u00d6zel, \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019in siyaset kurumu ile ili\u015fkileri \u00fczerinde de durdu. Konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sonunda \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019in f\u0131kh\u00ee g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de yans\u0131tan el-Muvatta isimli hadis kitab\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da bilgi verdi. Muvatta\u2019\u0131n hadis muhtevas\u0131 yan\u0131nda bir f\u0131k\u0131h eseri \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan M\u00e2lik\u00ee literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde daima en \u00f6nde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen \u00d6zel bu eserin \u00f6zelliklerini detaylar\u0131 ile anlatt\u0131. \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019in muttaki, abid ve vakarl\u0131 bir \u015fahsiyeti oldu\u011funu, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u0131l\u0131k ve k\u0131yafetine de son derece dikkat etti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Prof. Dr. Ahmet \u00d6zel k\u0131saca \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu: \u201cBa\u015fta Hz. \u00d6mer, Zeyd b. S\u00e2bit ve Abdullah b. \u00d6mer olmak \u00fczere bu sah\u00e2b\u00eelerden me\u015fhur Medineli yedi t\u00e2bi\u00een fakihe (fukah\u00e2-i seb\u2019a) intikal eden ilmi miras onlardan da M\u00e2lik\u2019in hocalar\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. M\u00e2lik yirmi ya\u015flar\u0131nda ders ve fetva vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tart\u0131\u015fmalardan ho\u015flanmaz, muhaliflerine cevap vermezdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ona g\u00f6re tart\u0131\u015fmalar kalbe kasvet verirdi. \u0130mam M\u00e2lik f\u0131kh\u00ee bir konuda kendisine dan\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hemen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f belirtmez, konu \u00fczerinde uzun s\u00fcre d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapar, sonra cevab\u0131n\u0131 verirdi. Eb\u00fb Han\u00eefe, Leys b. Sa\u2019d, Evz\u00e2\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Han\u00eefe\u2019nin talebelerinden Eb\u00fb Y\u00fbsuf ve Muhammed b. Hasan e\u015f-\u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00ee ile bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finde bulunmu\u015ftur. \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019ten ders alan talebelerin say\u0131s\u0131 binleri bulmakla birlikte kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve mezhebinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na ancak bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir. Hadis r\u00e2vilerinde aranacak \u015fartlar\u0131 tespit ederek r\u00e2vileri s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00f6nem vermesiyle cerh ve ta\u2019d\u00eel ilminin yolunu da M\u00e2lik a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130mam M\u00e2lik d\u00f6rt ki\u015fiden ilim al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerdi: Sefahat ehli, bid\u2019at ehli, peygambere yalan isnad etmese bile insanlar\u0131n s\u00f6zlerine yalan katan kimse, fazilet ve sal\u00e2h sahibi olmakla birlikte ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ne dedi\u011fini bilemez, laf\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r durumda olan ki\u015fi. Kur\u2019an ve s\u00fcnnette a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan hususlarda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirirken, \u2018Zann\u0131m\u0131zca b\u00f6yledir, b\u00f6yle san\u0131yoruz, kesin olarak bilmeyiz.\u2019 gibi ifadeler kullan\u0131r, belli bir kanaate ula\u015famam\u0131\u015fsa \u00e7ekinmeden bunu da s\u00f6ylerdi. \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019in siyasi otoriteyle ili\u015fkisi Medine s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130mam M\u00e2lik Emev\u00ee y\u00f6netimine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a destek vermedi\u011fi gibi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131 da \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f, ancak devletin me\u015fruiyeti konusunda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini dile getirmekten de geri kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir defas\u0131nda halifelere isyan edenlerle sava\u015fman\u0131n caiz olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair soruya \u201c\u00d6mer b. Abd\u00fclaziz gibi bir halifeye isyan edilmi\u015fse caizdir.\u201d kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Panelin ikinci konu\u015fmac\u0131s\u0131 ise Yalova \u00dcniversitesi \u0130slami \u0130limler Fak\u00fcltesi Dr. S\u00fcmeyye Onuk oldu. S\u00fcmeyye Onuk \u201cM\u00e2lik\u00ee Mezhebinin Usul\u00fc-Karakteristikleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda bu mezhebin temel \u00f6zelliklerini anlatt\u0131. Bunlar aras\u0131nda \u0130mam M\u00e2lik nezdinde b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011feri bulunan Amel-i Ehl-i Medine ve Fukaha-i Seb\u2019a\u2019n\u0131n Mezhep \u00fczerindeki etkilerini a\u00e7\u0131klayan Onuk, ayr\u0131ca, M\u00e2likili\u011fin naslardan h\u00fck\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken Kur\u2019an-s\u00fcnnetten delil getirmedeki usullerini de izah etti. \u00d6te yandan, \u0130stihsan, Sedd-i Zer\u00e2i\u2018, Ist\u0131slah, Mur\u00e2\u2019\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019l-hil\u00e2f ve Ist\u0131shab gibi temel usullerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sahabe ve tabiinin kavillerine verdikleri de\u011feri de anlatan S\u00fcmeyye Onuk \u00f6zetle \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cM\u00fcr\u00e2at\u00fc\u2019l-hil\u00e2f ilkesine g\u00f6re fakihin kendi kabul etti\u011fi delilin gere\u011finin hilaf\u0131na da olsa belli durumlarda kendisine muhalif olan di\u011fer bir m\u00fc\u00e7tehidin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle amel etmesidir. \u015eer\u2019\u00ee delilden ziyade tercih kural\u0131 niteli\u011findeki m\u00fcr\u00e2at\u00fc\u2019l-hil\u00e2f, tasarruflar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesine \u00f6nem veren M\u00e2lik\u00ee mezhebi taraf\u0131ndan terimle\u015fmi\u015f ve m\u00fcstakil bir delil kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Mezhep imam\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bir usul eseri ortaya konmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak sonra gelen alimler, imamlar\u0131ndan gelen nakillerle mezhebin usul\u00fcn\u00fc tespite \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Di\u011fer mezhep usullerinden farkl\u0131 olarak amel-i ehl-i Medine\u2019yi h\u00fcccet kabul etmi\u015flerdir. Ayr\u0131ca Maslahat-\u0131 m\u00fcrseleyi m\u00fcstakil delil telakki etmi\u015flerdir.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u00e2lik\u00eeli\u011fin te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Necmettin Erbakan \u00dcniversitesi \u0130lahiyat Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nden Dr. Huzeyfe \u00c7eker de M\u00e2lik\u00ee mezhebinin te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fc \u00fczerine bir konu\u015fma yapt\u0131. Daha sonraki donemde geli\u015fimi hakk\u0131nda da bilgilendirmelerde bulunan \u00c7eker, mezhebin da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda da mezhep i\u00e7i ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n bulundu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti. \u00c7eker \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<br \/>\n\u201cMezhebin kurucu imam\u0131 \u0130mam M\u00e2lik Medine\u2019de altm\u0131\u015f k\u00fcs\u00fcr y\u0131l \u00f6\u011frencilerine dersler vermi\u015ftir. Bu \u00f6\u011frencilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019ten uzun s\u00fcre ders alma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulmu\u015f iken baz\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre istifade etmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca bir alimin hayat\u0131 boyunca ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahip olmas\u0131, hi\u00e7bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden hep ayn\u0131 bilgileri \u00f6\u011frencilerine aktarmas\u0131 beklenemez. Hayat tecr\u00fcbesinin artmas\u0131, yeni rivayetlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma, \u00f6rf veya maslahat\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi gibi sebeplerle \u00e2limler fetvalar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme ihtiyac\u0131 hissedebilir. Bu sebeple ilk ders halkalar\u0131na kat\u0131lan \u00f6\u011frencilerin memleketlerine d\u00f6nd\u00fckleri zaman beraberlerinde g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fckleri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ile sonradan ders alan \u00f6\u011frencilerin aktard\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler birbirinden farkl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu da \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri konusunda \u00f6\u011frencilerinin elinde birbiriyle \u00e7eli\u015fen rivayetlerin bulunmas\u0131na ve bu rivayetlerin \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerlerinden gelen \u00f6\u011frenciler eliyle her tarafa yay\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015f ve bazen b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131, bazen de ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lge i\u00e7erisinde farkl\u0131 M\u00e2likilik alg\u0131lar\u0131 yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi \u0130lahiyat Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nden Do\u00e7. Dr. Necmettin K\u0131z\u0131lkaya da ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze mezhebin yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyaya i\u015faret ettikten sonra, konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn nas\u0131l mezheple\u015fti\u011fi konusuna ay\u0131rd\u0131. K\u0131z\u0131lkaya \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201cF\u0131k\u0131h mezheplerinin asl\u0131nda entelekt\u00fcel miras\u0131m\u0131z, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla gelece\u011fi in\u015fa ederken de bu mezheplerden istifade edece\u011fimiz tespitine kat\u0131l\u0131yorum. \u0130mam M\u00e2lik gibi, Eb\u00fb H\u00e2nife gibi m\u00fctevaz\u0131 insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri nas\u0131l olur da 13 as\u0131r boyunca \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n her taraf\u0131nda kab\u00fcle mazhar oluyor, takdir ediliyor ve belki de milyonlarca tabisi olan bir ekole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor?<\/p>\n<p>Mezheple\u015fmede iki boyut var asl\u0131nda. Pratik ve entelekt\u00fcel boyut. Pratik boyut, yani amel kavram\u0131 burada merkezi boyuttad\u0131r. Amel de: 1. Akl\u0131n\/ d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin, 2. Kalbin, 3. Bireyin d\u0131\u015fa yans\u0131yan ameli olarak \u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Akl\u0131n ameli akaid\/kelam dedi\u011fimiz ilmi disiplini; kalbin ameli ahlak\u0131, bireyin d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya yans\u0131yan ameli ise zaman i\u00e7erisinde f\u0131k\u0131h dedi\u011fimiz ilmi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Ya\u015fam\u0131 \u015feri ilkelere uygun bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeyi beraberinde getiriyor. Mezhep demek, mesela \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019in yolunu takip etmek, asl\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanca \u015feri ilkelere uygun bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Entelekt\u00fcel boyuta geldi\u011fimizde, mezhepler M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumda sistematik bilgi \u00fcretme kanallar\u0131d\u0131r. Tarih boyunca M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ilim adamlar\u0131 mezhebe ihtiya\u00e7 duymu\u015flard\u0131r, bu ihtiya\u00e7 da tutarl\u0131, sistematik hesab\u0131 verilebilen sa\u011flamas\u0131 yap\u0131labilen bir bilgi \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in gereklidir. S\u0131radan bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman abdest al\u0131rken, namaz k\u0131larken, mezhebe ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Uleman\u0131n zaten Kur\u2019an ve s\u00fcnnetten bilgi \u00fcretece\u011fi i\u00e7in uleman\u0131n mezhebe ihtiyac\u0131 yokmu\u015f gibi alg\u0131lan\u0131r. H\u00e2lbuki, tarihte mezhepler uleman\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu \u015feylerdir. Avam mezhebe ihtiya\u00e7 duymaz. Avam \u00e2lime ihtiya\u00e7 duyar, sorar cevab\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>IGMG Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kemal Erg\u00fcn ise panelin kapan\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Panele konu\u015fmac\u0131 olarak kat\u0131lan de\u011ferli hocalar\u0131 tebrik eden Erg\u00fcn, dinin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p ya\u015fanmas\u0131nda mezhep disiplininin \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7ekti ve \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cBu panelimizde \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019in hayat\u0131ndan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere bu mezhebin \u00f6zellikleri, yay\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler ve yay\u0131lma sebepleri \u00fczerine duruldu. Bu panellerin amac\u0131, Ehl-i s\u00fcnneti ortaya koymakt\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 olsalar da her Ehl-i s\u00fcnnet mezhebini hak mezhep olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Mezhepler aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klara ra\u011fmen zaman zaman o farkl\u0131 mezheplerden g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere de tabi oldu\u011fumuz zamanlar oluyor. Bu da bizim i\u00e7in bir geni\u015fliktir. Burada de\u011ferli fikirler ortaya koyan panelistlerimizi tebrik ediyorum, te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyorum.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130r\u015fad Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bu seneki panelin konusu \u201c\u0130mam M\u00e2lik ve M\u00e2lik\u00ee Mezhebi\u201d oldu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36021,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[23256],"tags":[24631,24630,24407,24392],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36020"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36020"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36020\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}