\u0130ngiliz Ba\u015fbakan Winston Churchill Uganda’ya Afrika’n\u0131n incisi demi\u015fti. Ya\u011fmuru bol, ve kom\u015fular\u0131na nisbeten daha \u00e7ekilir s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131 ile Uganda bu isimlendirmeyi ger\u00e7ekten hak ediyor. Di\u011fer s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00fclkeler gibi, Uganda’da ac\u0131larla dolu bir tarihe sahip. Son Diktat\u00f6r Milton Obote’nin istila etti\u011fi makam\u0131ndan kovulal\u0131 daha 20 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015f. Uganda denildi\u011finde bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131n akl\u0131na \u0130di Amin gelir, ki Amin iktidar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fclkeyi iflasa, y\u00fczbinlerce insan\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcme ve \u00fclkenin do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 da yok olmaya g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/p>\n
\nUganda’n\u0131n tarihine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda; Uganda’ya miladdan \u00f6nce Bantu kabilelerinin yerle\u015fik hayat\u0131, ren\u00e7berlik ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede yayd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Sonraki zamanlarda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Sudan’\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerinden Nilotlar gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Kabileler genelde ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z ve kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. 13\/14. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00f6lgede ilk defa krall\u0131klar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Buganda ki, Uganda’n\u0131n bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc ismi bu kabileden gelmekte, Bunyoro-Kitara, Kooki, Mpororo ve Nikore. <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Uganda’n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise ancak 15. ve 18.y\u00fczy\u0131lda kurulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu tarihlerde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan isimlerden bir tanesi Kral Ndahura’d\u0131r. Ndahura’dan sonra kurulan bir\u00e7ok krall\u0131k kendini bu krala nisbet eder ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n onun neslinden geldi\u011fini iddia eder. Kral Ndahura ayr\u0131ca, Uganda’ya Ankole s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 ve kahveyi getiren kral olarak an\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Zamanla bu krall\u0131klar aras\u0131nda Kabaka (Kral) Mutebi’nin y\u00f6netimindeki Buganda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flar. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Uganda’n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kaplayan bu krall\u0131k hem geni\u015fli\u011fi, hemde \u00e7evresindeki krall\u0131klar ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortakl\u0131k ve bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmalar\u0131yla zaman\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <\/p>\n
Uganda’ya ilk M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar 1840 gelen Arab t\u00fcccarlar\u0131d\u0131r. Zengin Zaire b\u00f6lgesine ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in Uganda’dan ge\u00e7mek zorunda olan t\u00fcccarlar, zamanla buray\u0131 \u00fcs olarak da kullanmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor ve Aholi krall\u0131\u011f\u0131na yerle\u015fiyorlar. Buganda krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile de Afrika’n\u0131n do\u011fu sahillerinde ya\u015fayan Suaheli kabilelerine mensub M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ticar\u00ee ili\u015fkiye girerek Kabake Mutesa ile dost olmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yorlar. Baz\u0131 kabile \u015feflerinin de din olarak \u0130slam’\u0131 se\u00e7melerinden sonra, yerli halk aras\u0131nda \u0130slam yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcn’de Uganda’da ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin de\u011fil, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan yerli halk\u0131n nesilleri olmaktalar.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiliz bilim adam\u0131 John Speke Nil nehrinin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Viktoria g\u00f6l\u00fc oldu\u011funu tesbit ettikten sonra, zaman\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r meliki de b\u00f6lgeyi “B\u00fcy\u00fck M\u0131s\u0131r \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu”\u009dna katmak ister. 1878’de Emin Pa\u015fa ile b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in bir Genelvali tayin etmi\u015f olsada, o da 1889’da Uganda’dan geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kal\u0131r. <\/p>\n
19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011fi Uganda dinlerin yar\u0131\u015f\u0131na sahne olmaktayd\u0131. Yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, art\u0131k yava\u015f yava\u015f \u0130ngiliz Protestan misyonerleri ve Frans\u0131z Katolik misyonerleri insanlar\u0131 kendi dinlerine kazand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru \u00f6zellikle Buganda krall\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k gerginlikler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta, ve nihayet 1889’da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve H\u0131r\u0131stiyanlar aras\u0131nda i\u00e7 sava\u015f ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sava\u015fda ma\u011flup olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Kampala’y\u0131 terk etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Kampala’dan \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131ktan sonra art\u0131k Protestan ve Katolikler Buganda krall\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7lerini artt\u0131rmak konusunda yar\u0131\u015fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Sonu\u00e7ta Uganda 1884’de yap\u0131lan Berlin Konferans\u0131’nda Almanya’ya tahsis edilen s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. 1890’da ise Almanya b\u00f6lgeyi \u0130ngilizlere devretmek zorunda kald\u0131. Buganda Kabakas\u0131 (Kral\u0131) her ne kadar Manda anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 imzalamamak \u00fczere dirense de, baz\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan sonra 1892 senesinin Mart ay\u0131nda \u0130ngilizlere boyun eymek zorunda kald\u0131. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar di\u011fer Uganda krall\u0131klar\u0131 da \u0130ngilizlerin eline d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00dclke co\u011frafi olarak birle\u015fmi\u015fti, ama i\u00e7ten b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f durumdayd\u0131. \u0130ngilizler bir taraftan Protestanlara Katoliklere kar\u015f\u0131 imtiyaz sa\u011flarken, Buganda’n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki a\u015firetlerin ba\u015f\u0131na da Bugandal\u0131 liderler yerle\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fclkenin kuzeyini ihmal eden \u0130ngilizler, b\u00f6ylece bir oranda bu g\u00fcnki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n da temelini atm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. <\/p>\n
Uganda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ancak 9 Ekim 1962’de kavu\u015ftu. Daha 1953’de \u0130ngilizler Kabaka (kral) II.Mutesa’y\u0131 \u0130ngiliz idaresine kar\u015f\u0131 sadakatsizlikten s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. <\/p>\n
Gen\u00e7 Cumhuriyet’in diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ise sadece d\u00f6rt sene ald\u0131. Ba\u015fbakan Milton Obote Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131 g\u00f6revinden ald\u0131ktan sonra Nisan 1966’da \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir anayasa ile kendisini ya\u015famboyu Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ilan etmi\u015fti. Obote’nin sonra makam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi ilgin\u00e7. Singapur’a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir resmi gezi \u00f6ncesi Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131n’dan hesap sormas\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmada bulunaca\u011f\u0131 taahh\u00fcd\u00fc, Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130di Amin’in ihtilal yapmas\u0131na sebep olur. 25 Ocak 1971’de \u0130di Amin kendisini Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ilan eder. <\/p>\n
Amin’in d\u00f6nemi de huzurlu ge\u00e7meyecekti. Makam\u0131n\u0131 gasp ettikten k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Amin i\u015fe \u00fclkedeki Asyal\u0131lar\u0131 yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 etmekle ba\u015flar. Uganda’da Asyal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fclkenin orta dire\u011fini olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 “k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k kampanyas\u0131”\u009d i\u00e7in kullanan Amin, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6nderdiklerinin malvarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gasp eder. B\u00f6ylece hem kendi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7isi bulmu\u015f, hemde kasas\u0131n\u0131 doldurma imkan\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Kampanyan\u0131n sonucu da, zaten fakir olan Uganda’da ekonomik sistemin tamamen \u00e7\u00f6kmesi olmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n
Sekiz y\u0131ll\u0131k iktidar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Amin 300000 Ugandal\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sorumlu tutulur. \u0130\u00e7 sorunlar\u0131n artmas\u0131 ile birlikte, Amin 1978’de kendisine uluslararas\u0131 arenada muhalif olan kom\u015fusu Tanzanya’ya sald\u0131r\u0131r. Bu sava\u015f ise Amin’in sonu olacakt\u0131r. 1979 senesinin Mart ay\u0131nda Tanzanya askerleri ve muhalif Ugandal\u0131lardan olu\u015fan bir birlik Ba\u015fkent Kampala’y\u0131 al\u0131r. \u0130di Amin Suudi Arabistan’a s\u00fcrg\u00fcne gider.<\/p>\n
Amin’in gitmesi ise Uganda’ya sadece eski diktat\u00f6r Milton Obote’nin tekrar iktidar\u0131 eline ge\u00e7irmesini getirmi\u015ftir. Obote’nin bir Diktat\u00f6r olarak selefinden geri kalmama ihtiyac\u0131ndan olacak ki, be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k ikinci ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda be\u015fy\u00fcz bine yak\u0131n insan katledilir. Nihayet bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Museveni’nin kurdu\u011fu Milli Direni\u015f Ordusu (National Resistance Army, NRA) Obote’yi devirir. Museveni g\u00f6zlemcileri ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 demokratikle\u015fme hareketi ile \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131r, ama 20 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00fclkede en uzun s\u00fcre iktidarda kalan siyasetci olur. Bu y\u00fczden \u00fclkedeki muhalefet Museveni’yi demokratik kurallar ile yinede bir dikta rejimi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekler itham ederler.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn Uganda 27 milyon n\u00fcfusa sahip bir \u00fclke. Ba\u015fkenti Kampala bug\u00fcn birbu\u00e7uk milyona sahip. \u015eehrin her taraf\u0131nda gece kondular olu\u015fmu\u015f ve halen geni\u015flemekteler. Fakirlik ise her yerde g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcze \u00e7arp\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Uganda g\u00fczelli\u011fi ile ziyaretcilerini mest ediyor, insanlar\u0131n\u0131n fakirli\u011fi ile ise hayrette b\u0131rak\u0131yor<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[23238,24],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4512"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4512"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4512\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igmg.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}